踩坑日记[2025]

踩坑日记
11k 词

数据处理

[2025-01-13]FFmpeg在使用filter后默认输出的码率降低？

在使用如下filter(crop)而不指定码率时，偶然发现输出糊了很多，再仔细看输出的码率降低了很多，或许需要使用-b:v 12000k之类的指定码率。 

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for %f in (*.*) do ffmpeg -i "%f" -filter:v "crop=iw*(10/10):ih*(3/10):iw:ih*(7/10)" "%~nf_lower%~xf"
另外其实我上面命令写错了，但是结果正常，这也说明保留画面的大小是优先于其位置的。

[2025-01-13]DeepLabCut2024年12月版本No unfiltered data file found

前段时间更新的某版本有bug，如下情况不生成.h5：

  • 使用TensorFlow模型（据开发者，但是我在服务器用TensorFlow训练好之后在本地用没问题）
  • 本地训练的pyTorch模型（我遇到的）

最新版本已经修复，但是不知道为什么，直接pip install没法覆盖，先卸载再安装。

[2025-03-03]一种生成带透明通道的.mov视频的畸形方法

不知道为什么CC19渲染视频没反应... 先导出原画.gif，然后使用FFmpeg转换： 

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ffmpeg -i input.gif -c:v png -c:a aac -shortest -pix_fmt rgba -filter:v "setpts=1.13*PTS" output.mov
（这么看来.mov格式还挺好玩的，有时间研究一下）

杂项

[2025-01-07]Word中ZOTERO自动设置交叉引用提示“用户定义的类型未定义”

使用以下开源的宏就可以在Word中自动设置交叉引用：
ZoteroLinkCitation.bas 
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Public Sub ZoteroLinkCitation()
    
' get selected area (if applicable)
    Dim nStart&, nEnd&
    nStart = Selection.Start
    nEnd = Selection.End
    
' toggle screen updating
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    
' define variables
    Dim title As String
    Dim titleAnchor As String
    Dim style As String
    Dim fieldCode As String
    Dim numOrYear As String
    Dim pos&, n1&, n2&, n3&

    ActiveWindow.View.ShowFieldCodes = True
    Selection.Find.ClearFormatting
 
' find the Zotero bibliography
    With Selection.Find
        .Text = "^d ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL"
        .Replacement.Text = ""
        .Forward = True
        .Wrap = wdFindContinue
        .Format = False
        .MatchCase = False
        .MatchWholeWord = False
        .MatchWildcards = False
        .MatchSoundsLike = False
        .MatchAllWordForms = False
    End With
    Selection.Find.Execute
    
    ' add bookmark for the Zotero bibliography
    With ActiveDocument.Bookmarks
        .Add Range:=Selection.Range, Name:="Zotero_Bibliography"
        .DefaultSorting = wdSortByName
        .ShowHidden = True
    End With
    
    ' loop through each field in the document
    For Each aField In ActiveDocument.Fields
        ' check if the field is a Zotero in-text reference
        '##################################################
        If InStr(aField.Code, "ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM") > 0 Then
            fieldCode = aField.Code
            '#############
            ' Prepare
            ' Plain citation== Format of Textfield shown
            ' must be in Brackets
            Dim plain_Cit As String
            plCitStrBeg = """plainCitation"":""["
            plCitStrEnd = "]"""
            n1 = InStr(fieldCode, plCitStrBeg)
            n1 = n1 + Len(plCitStrBeg)
            n2 = InStr(Mid(fieldCode, n1, Len(fieldCode) - n1), plCitStrEnd) - 1 + n1
            plain_Cit = Mid$(fieldCode, n1 - 1, n2 - n1 + 2)
            'Reference 'as shown' in word as a string
            
            'Title array in fieldCode (all referenced Titles within this field)
            Dim array_RefTitle(32) As String
            i = 0
            Do While InStr(fieldCode, """title"":""") > 0
                n1 = InStr(fieldCode, """title"":""") + Len("""title"":""")
                n2 = InStr(Mid(fieldCode, n1, Len(fieldCode) - n1), """,""") - 1 + n1
                If n2 < n1 Then 'Exception the type 'Article'
                    n2 = InStr(Mid(fieldCode, n1, Len(fieldCode) - n1), "}") - 1 + n1 - 1
                End If
                array_RefTitle(i) = Mid(fieldCode, n1, n2 - n1)
                fieldCode = Mid(fieldCode, n2 + 1, Len(fieldCode) - n2 - 1)
                i = i + 1
            Loop
            Titles_in_Cit = i
            
            'Number array with References shown in PlainCit
            'Numer is equal or less than Titels, depending on the type
            '[3], [8]-[10]; [2]-[4]; [2], [4], [5]
            ' All citations have to be in Brackets each! [3], [8] not [3, 8]
            ' This doesnt work otherwise!
            ' --> treatment of other delimiters could be implemented here
            Dim RefNumber(32) As String
            i = 0
            Do While (InStr(plain_Cit, "]") Or InStr(plain_Cit, "[")) > 0
                n1 = InStr(plain_Cit, "[")
                n2 = InStr(plain_Cit, "]")
                RefNumber(i) = Mid(plain_Cit, n1 + 1, n2 - (n1 + 1))
                plain_Cit = Mid(plain_Cit, n2 + 1, Len(plain_Cit) - (n2 + 1) + 1)
            i = i + 1
            Loop
            Refs_in_Cit = i
                   'treat only the shown references (skip the rest)
            '[3], [8]-[10] --> skip [9]
            'Order of titles given from fieldcode, not checked!
            If Titles_in_Cit > Refs_in_Cit Then
                array_RefTitle(Refs_in_Cit - 1) = array_RefTitle(Titles_in_Cit - 1)
                i = 1
                Do While Refs_in_Cit + i <= Titles_in_Cit
                    array_RefTitle(Refs_in_Cit + i - 1) = ""
                    i = i + 1
                Loop
            End If
            
            '#############
            'Make the links
            For Refs = 0 To Refs_in_Cit - 1 Step 1
                title = array_RefTitle(Refs)
                array_RefTitle(Refs) = ""
                ' make title a valid bookmark name
                titleAnchor = title
                titleAnchor = MakeValidBMName(titleAnchor)
                
                ActiveWindow.View.ShowFieldCodes = False
                Selection.GoTo What:=wdGoToBookmark, Name:="Zotero_Bibliography"
                
                '' locate the corresponding reference in the bibliography
                '' by searching for its title
                Selection.Find.ClearFormatting
                With Selection.Find
                    .Text = Left(title, 255)
                    .Replacement.Text = ""
                    .Forward = True
                    .Wrap = wdFindContinue
                    .Format = False
                    .MatchCase = False
                    .MatchWholeWord = False
                    .MatchWildcards = False
                    .MatchSoundsLike = False
                    .MatchAllWordForms = False
                End With
                Selection.Find.Execute
                               
                ' select the whole caption (for mouseover tooltip)
                Selection.MoveStartUntil ("["), Count:=wdBackward
                Selection.MoveEndUntil (vbBack)
                lnkcap = "[" & Selection.Text
                lnkcap = Left(lnkcap, 70)
                
                ' add bookmark for the reference within the bibliography
                Selection.Shrink
                With ActiveDocument.Bookmarks
                    .Add Range:=Selection.Range, Name:=titleAnchor
                    .DefaultSorting = wdSortByName
                    .ShowHidden = True
                End With
                
                ' jump back to the field
                aField.Select
                ' find and select the numeric part of the field which will become the hyperlink
                Selection.Find.ClearFormatting
                With Selection.Find
                    .Text = RefNumber(Refs)
                    .Replacement.Text = ""
                    .Forward = True
                    .Wrap = wdFindContinue
                    .Format = False
                    .MatchCase = False
                    .MatchWholeWord = False
                    .MatchWildcards = False
                    .MatchSoundsLike = False
                    .MatchAllWordForms = False
                End With
                Selection.Find.Execute
                        
                numOrYear = Selection.Range.Text & ""
                                    
                ' store current style
                style = Selection.style
                ' Generate the Hyperlink -->Forward!
                ActiveDocument.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Selection.Range, Address:="", SubAddress:=titleAnchor, ScreenTip:=lnkcap, TextToDisplay:="" & numOrYear
                ' reset the style
                Selection.style = style

                ' comment if you want standard link style
                aField.Select
                With Selection.Font
                     .Underline = wdUnderlineNone
                     .ColorIndex = wdBlack
                End With
                    
            Next Refs 'References in Cit

        End If  'If Zotero-Field
        '#########################

        Next aField ' next field

        ' go back to original range selected
        ActiveWindow.View.ShowFieldCodes = False
        ActiveDocument.Range(nStart, nEnd).Select
        
    End Sub
    Function MakeValidBMName(strIn As String)
        Dim pFirstChr As String
        Dim i As Long
        Dim tempStr As String
        strIn = Trim(strIn)
        pFirstChr = Left(strIn, 1)
        If Not pFirstChr Like "[A-Za-z]" Then
            strIn = "A_" & strIn
        End If
        For i = 1 To Len(strIn)
            Select Case Asc(Mid$(strIn, i, 1))
            Case 49 To 57, 65 To 90, 97 To 122
                tempStr = tempStr & Mid$(strIn, i, 1)
            Case Else
                tempStr = tempStr & "_"
            End Select
            Next i
            tempStr = Replace(tempStr, "  ", " ")
            MakeValidBMName = Left(tempStr, 40)
        End Function

但是可能会跳一个用户定义的类型未定义的错误，根据这个帖子，添加Microsoft Windows Common Controls引用后解决，可能需要浏览System32或SysWOW64找到comctl32.ocx（但是之后删掉了没事，文档懒得找了）。

[2025-01-07]ZOTERO批量更改条目的语言字段

选中要修改的条目，工具栏-开发者-Run JavaScript，运行：
非完全原创的简单代码 
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var items = Zotero.getActiveZoteroPane().getSelectedItems();
var setLan = "en";
 
var languagesToReplace = ["", "EN", "English", "en-US", "eng", "英文"];
 
for (item of items) {
    var itemLan = item.getField("language");
    if (languagesToReplace.includes(itemLan)) {
        item.setField("language", setLan);
        await item.saveTx();
    }
}

[2025-01-17]hexo自动部署后不需要hexo-renderer-mathjax

就这样一直白白把他们的js加载了一年多...

[2025-01-17]矩阵的秩的实际意义

当行秩或列秩不满时，也就存在线性相关的行或列。
那么在例如机器学习中，这些特征就是冗余的，这个矩阵就不可逆。
而还有另一种情况，样本数小于特征数，这时存在线性相关，也不可逆（例如经典的拉格朗日插值算114514）。

所以这两种情况下，也就无法使用正规方程（最小二乘法）求解。
（以前纯抽象都没好好学...）

[2025-03-16]Linux启动Chromium总提示--no-sandbox

chrome://version/显示--no-sandbox，而直接启动软件就没问题，发现是使用类似这个脚本启动的，里面 

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if [ -f /etc/$APPNAME/default ] ; then
  . /etc/$APPNAME/default
fi
source了这个文件，果然在其中发现了CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--no-sandbox --force-renderer-accessibility"，但是不以--no-sandbox启动可能会崩溃... 他们这么做一定有他们的道理（）。

[2025-04-09]win 10/11通过计划任务自动切换深色/浅色模式

在计划任务中创建基本任务，操作中通过启动程序使用以下命令切换到深色模式，这一步包括以下的操作，有两种方式

  • 程序里选reg.exe并传入参数
  • 保存为.bat文件然后使用脚本
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reg.exe add HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Themes\Personalize /v SystemUsesLightTheme /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
reg.exe add HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Themes\Personalize /v AppsUseLightTheme /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f

并参考这个仓库里的代码切换壁纸 

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powerpowershell.exe -File "脚本路径\set-wallpapper.ps1" -Image "壁纸路径\wallpaper_night.png"

set-wallpapper.ps1的参考 
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Param(
    [string]$Image = ""
)

if($Image -eq "") {
    echo "需要图片路径"
    exit
}

if(!(Test-Path $Image)) {
    echo "图片路径不存在"
    exit
}

Function Set-WallPaper {
 
<#
 
    .SYNOPSIS
    Applies a specified wallpaper to the current user's desktop
    
    .PARAMETER Image
    Provide the exact path to the image
 
    .PARAMETER Style
    Provide wallpaper style (Example: Fill, Fit, Stretch, Tile, Center, or Span)
  
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-WallPaper -Image "C:\Wallpaper\Default.jpg"
    Set-WallPaper -Image "C:\Wallpaper\Background.jpg" -Style Fit
  
#>
 
param (
    [parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
    # Provide path to image
    [string]$Image,
    # Provide wallpaper style that you would like applied
    [parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
    [ValidateSet('Fill', 'Fit', 'Stretch', 'Tile', 'Center', 'Span')]
    [string]$Style
)
 
$WallpaperStyle = Switch ($Style) {
  
    "Fill" {"10"}
    "Fit" {"6"}
    "Stretch" {"2"}
    "Tile" {"0"}
    "Center" {"0"}
    "Span" {"22"}
  
}
 
If($Style -eq "Tile") {
 
    New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Control Panel\Desktop" -Name WallpaperStyle -PropertyType String -Value $WallpaperStyle -Force
    New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Control Panel\Desktop" -Name TileWallpaper -PropertyType String -Value 1 -Force
 
}
Else {
 
    New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Control Panel\Desktop" -Name WallpaperStyle -PropertyType String -Value $WallpaperStyle -Force
    New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Control Panel\Desktop" -Name TileWallpaper -PropertyType String -Value 0 -Force
 
}
 
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @" 
using System; 
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  
public class Params
{ 
    [DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] 
    public static extern int SystemParametersInfo (Int32 uAction, 
                                                   Int32 uParam, 
                                                   String lpvParam, 
                                                   Int32 fuWinIni);
}
"@ 
  
    $SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 0x0014
    $UpdateIniFile = 0x01
    $SendChangeEvent = 0x02
  
    $fWinIni = $UpdateIniFile -bor $SendChangeEvent
  
    $ret = [Params]::SystemParametersInfo($SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, $Image, $fWinIni)
}

Set-WallPaper -Image $Image -Style Fill

但是win 11可能会出现一些界面没有切换的问题，可以再加上一步重启explorer.exe，这个好像只有运行.bat才有效果

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taskkill /f /im explorer.exe
start explorer.exe

在设置中勾选如果过了任务启动时间，立即启动任务，这将使能(x)在启动时间后才开机等情况下，仍然能执行任务(会有一定延迟)。

[2025-04-23]solidworks输出stl时进行精度选择

角度这一项可以拉高一点，不然半径比较大时一段一段的会很明显。